非损伤微测技术——在毒理学研究上的应用

“非损伤微测技术”是一项具有世界尖端水平的特异离子/分子检测技术，主要是在电脑自动控制下，利用选择性微电极，在不接触被测样品的情况下获得进出样品的分子和离子浓度、流速及其运动方向的信息。测量不仅方便、快捷、三维和实时，而且对被测对象不会产生任何伤害。在研究生物体不同处理之间的生理差异，药物机理上有显著优势。

例如产生于冶炼铝过程中的镉经烟草富集后流动到生物链中，应用“非损伤微测技术”和免疫荧光显像技术在镉离子毒性机理方面的一些研究证明，镉能够抑制V型质子泵（ATP酶），从而降低雄性动物的生育能力。

举例：用非损伤微测技术测大鼠输精管H⁺-ATPase-rich细胞外侧氢离子浓度变化来研究 Cd 的毒性机理。^{（Biology of Reproduction）}

FIG. 1. Immunocytochemical appearance of representative H1ATPasepositive cells in the cauda epididymidis in control (A) and Cd-treated rats

(B). In control animals, the cells are low cuboidal with most of the fluorescence (H1ATPase) concentrated at the apical pole. In Cd-treated animals, the cells are tall columnar, wine glass-shape, and the fluorescence is distributed intracellularly. The red background color results from staining of the sections with Evan’s blue. Bar 510 mm.

FIG. 2. Effect of Cd on H1 fluxes in the vas deferens from control rats as monitored in vitro by an extracellular self-referencing proton-selective microelectrode. A) Representative tracings of H1 fluxes in control conditions (no additions) and following addition of 1 mM (final concentration) bafilomycin or 500 mM (final concentration) CdCl2 to the bath. B) Bars represent relative signals (mean 6 SEM) at 60–70 min from a series of eight preparations of vas deferens. *Versus control, P , 0.001.

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